Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It can impact menstrual cycles, fertility, appearance, and overall health. Early diagnosis and proper management can help women lead healthy, balanced lives.
What Is PCOS?
PCOS occurs when a woman’s ovaries produce higher-than-normal levels of male hormones (androgens). This hormonal imbalance can interfere with ovulation and cause multiple small cysts to form on the ovaries.
Common Symptoms of PCOS
Symptoms may vary from person to person, but the most common include:
- Irregular or missed menstrual periods
- Excess facial or body hair growth
- Acne or oily skin
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
- Thinning hair or hair loss from the scalp
- Difficulty getting pregnant
Causes of PCOS
The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute:
Hormonal imbalance: High levels of androgens disrupt ovulation
Insulin resistance: The body does not use insulin effectively, leading to increased hormone production
Genetics: PCOS often runs in families
Inflammation: Low-grade inflammation may stimulate excess androgen production
How Is PCOS Diagnosed?
Doctors diagnose PCOS based on:
- Medical history and physical examination
- Blood tests to check hormone levels
- Ultrasound to examine ovaries
Treatment Options for PCOS
There is no permanent cure for PCOS, but symptoms can be effectively managed through:
Lifestyle changes: Healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management
Medications: To regulate periods, manage hormones, or improve fertility
Insulin-sensitizing drugs: To improve insulin resistance
Fertility treatments: For women trying to conceive
Living With PCOS
With proper medical care and healthy lifestyle choices, women with PCOS can manage their symptoms and reduce the risk of long-term complications such as diabetes, heart disease, and infertility.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience irregular periods, excessive hair growth, acne, or difficulty getting pregnant, consult a gynecologist for evaluation and guidance.
