Non-drug strategies and, if necessary, medication are required to manage agitation in dementia patients. Here are the best ways to handle it:
Non-Pharmacological Approaches (First-Line Strategies)
- Identify the Causes
- Observe agitation patterns (such as the time of day, the setting, and particular activities).
- Pain, hunger, thirst, discomfort, overstimulation, boredom, and unfamiliar surroundings are common irritants.
- Create a Calm Environment
- Dim the lights, clutter, and noise.
- Maintain a familiar, structured routine.
- Use soft music, aromatherapy, or natural lighting.
- Engage in Meaningful Activities
- Gardening, folding laundry, and sorting things can help you relax.
- Gentle physical activities (walking, stretching) can help release energy.
- Use Validation and Reassurance
- Avoid arguing or correcting the person.
- Acknowledge their feelings (e.g., “I can see you’re upset. How can I help?”).
- If they are receptive, use touch to soothe them.
- Make Sure You Feel Good
- Check for pain, hunger, or discomfort (ill-fitting clothes, room temperature).
- Make sure they are hydrated and not constipated.
- Redirect and Distract
- If agitation starts, gently shift attention to another activity (e.g., “Let’s go for a walk”).
- Offer a favorite snack, play music, or show a familiar object.
- Encourage Clean Sleep
- Maintain a regular sleeping schedule.
- Avoid caffeine and screen time before bedtime.
- Lighting at night should be soft to avoid confusion.
Medications (if Required)
- If agitation is severe or threatening, medications should only be considered.
- Medications like antipsychotics (e.g., risperidone) or antidepressants may be prescribed but come with risks.
- Always consult a doctor before using any medication.
